The establishment of the Sammakka-Sarakka Tribal University in Telangana marks a significant milestone in the region’s cultural and educational landscape. Named after the revered mother-daughter duo, Sammakka and Sarakka, this university reflects the commitment of the Central government to support the establishment of tribal universities in both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, as outlined in the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. This article explores the historical significance of Sammakka and Sarakka, the cultural resonance of the Sammakka-Sarakka Jatara festival, and the socio-political importance of the university in preserving tribal heritage and promoting education.
The Legend of Sammakka and Sarakka:
Sammakka and Sarakka are legendary figures in the local tribal community, revered for their resilience and leadership. Sammakka, married to Pagididda Raju, a feudal chief of the Kakatiya dynasty, ruled the Warangal area. She had two daughters, Sarakka and Nagulamma, and a son named Jampanna. Their story is rooted in a 13th-century battle against local rulers, a protest against the oppressive taxation of the Koya people. In the course of the battle, Sarakka lost her life, while Sammakka mysteriously disappeared into the hills. Tribal folklore holds that she transformed into a vermilion casket, symbolizing her enduring presence.
The Sammakka Saralamma Jatara Festival:
Medaram, a town in Telangana, hosts the biennial Sammakka Saralamma Jatara festival, celebrated as one of the largest gatherings of tribal people worldwide. This festival commemorates the bravery of Sammakka and Sarakka, their battle against taxation, and their unique bond. The rituals and ceremonies are led by Koya priests, adhering to tribal customs and traditions. What began with approximately 2,000 attendees, mostly from the Koya tribe, has evolved into a massive Hindu religious festival. The Sammakka Saralamma Jatara now ranks among the largest religious gatherings in India, drawing millions of devotees.
Political and Social Significance:
The festival’s enormous footfall prompted its declaration as a state festival in 1996. To facilitate access, a motorable road was constructed in 1998. The festival has since gained international recognition and is often likened to the Kumbh Mela for tribals. It attracts devotees from various tribal and non-tribal communities across multiple states, fostering cultural exchange and unity. Both the Ministry of Tribal Affairs and the Telangana state government actively participate and provide financial support for the festival. Additionally, infrastructure development projects have been initiated around Medaram to enhance the pilgrim experience.
The Establishment of Sammakka-Sarakka Tribal University:
The recent announcement of the Sammakka-Sarakka Tribal University in Telangana underscores the government’s commitment to preserving tribal heritage and promoting education among tribal communities. Despite initial challenges related to land allocation, the university’s creation signifies a significant step towards empowering tribal youth through higher education. The university is poised to become a symbol of cultural resilience, offering opportunities for academic advancement and cultural preservation.
Conclusion:
The Sammakka-Sarakka Tribal University in Telangana is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of tribal communities and their enduring legacy. Named after the iconic mother-daughter duo, Sammakka and Sarakka, this university represents a commitment to educational empowerment and cultural preservation. As it takes its place in the region’s educational landscape, the university’s significance extends beyond academia, symbolizing the resilience and unity of tribal communities in India.
