Nilgiri Tahr Population Survey Expands in 2025

The second annual synchronised estimation of the Nilgiri tahr commenced on April 24, 2025. This initiative covers 36 new blocks in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The survey is part of Project Nilgiri Tahr, launched in October 2023. It aims to gather crucial data on the population trends of this endangered species.

Nilgiri Tahr

The Nilgiri tahr is a mountain ungulate native to the Western Ghats. It is known for its distinctive curved horns and robust build. The species is classified as endangered due to habitat loss and poaching. Conservation efforts focus on preserving its natural habitat and monitoring population dynamics.

Significance of the Survey

This year’s survey is critical for understanding the population trends of the Nilgiri tahr. It covers 176 blocks across 14 forest divisions. The expansion to 36 new blocks, including areas like Kodaikanal, enhances the survey’s comprehensiveness. It aims to provide updated data that will inform conservation strategies.

Methodology Used in the Survey

Enumerators will employ two primary methods for counting tahrs. The bounded count method will be used in fragmented areas. The double observer method will be utilised in larger, continuous landscapes. These techniques ensure accurate population estimates.

Data Collection and Analysis

Enumerators will collect faecal samples from carnivores during the survey. This will help assess the parasitic loads affecting the Nilgiri tahrs. The data gathered will contribute to a better understanding of the ecosystem dynamics and the health of the tahr population.

Previous Survey Findings

The first survey conducted in 2024 established a baseline population. It estimated 1,031 Nilgiri tahrs in Tamil Nadu and 827 in Kerala’s Eravikulam National Park. These figures are essential for tracking population changes over time and evaluating the effectiveness of conservation measures.

Future Implications

The results from this survey could set a national benchmark for wildlife conservation. By integrating modern scientific methods, the Tamil Nadu Forest Department aims to enhance its conservation blueprint for the Nilgiri tahr. This approach may inspire similar initiatives across India.

Challenges Ahead

Despite the positive strides in conservation, challenges remain. Habitat degradation and climate change threaten the Nilgiri tahr’s survival. Continuous monitoring and adaptive management strategies will be vital to ensure the species’ long-term viability.

Community Involvement

Engaging local communities is crucial for the success of conservation efforts. Awareness programmes can encourage a sense of ownership and responsibility towards wildlife. Collaboration with local populations can also aid in habitat protection initiatives.

International Context

The Nilgiri tahr’s conservation efforts align with global biodiversity goals. Protecting endangered species is a priority for many countries. The methods and findings from this survey could contribute to international wildlife conservation strategies.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Discuss the significance of biodiversity conservation in the context of endangered species like the Nilgiri tahr.
2. Critically examine the role of local communities in wildlife conservation efforts, using the Nilgiri tahr as an example.
3. What are the main threats to the habitat of the Nilgiri tahr? Explain how these threats impact its population.
4. What is the importance of data collection in wildlife surveys? Discuss with reference to the methods used in the Nilgiri tahr survey.

Answer Hints:

1. Discuss the significance of biodiversity conservation in the context of endangered species like the Nilgiri tahr.

1. Biodiversity conservation maintains ecosystem balance, which is crucial for species survival.
2. Endangered species like the Nilgiri tahr serve as indicators of environmental health.
3. Conservation efforts help preserve genetic diversity, enhancing resilience to changes.
4. Protecting endangered species contributes to cultural and economic values, attracting ecotourism.
5. Successful conservation can lead to recovery and sustainable populations, benefiting the ecosystem.

2. Critically examine the role of local communities in wildlife conservation efforts, using the Nilgiri tahr as an example.

1. Local communities often have traditional knowledge that aids in understanding wildlife behavior and habitats.
2. Community involvement encourages a sense of ownership, leading to more effective conservation practices.
3. Engagement in conservation can provide alternative livelihoods, reducing dependence on poaching.
4. Awareness programs can educate communities on the ecological importance of species like the Nilgiri tahr.
5. Collaborative efforts can enhance habitat protection and monitoring, benefiting both wildlife and people.

3. What are the main threats to the habitat of the Nilgiri tahr? Explain how these threats impact its population.

1. Habitat loss due to deforestation and urbanization reduces available space for tahrs.
2. Climate change alters vegetation patterns, affecting food sources and habitat suitability.
3. Poaching and illegal hunting directly decrease population numbers and disrupt social structures.
4. Fragmentation of habitats leads to isolation, reducing genetic diversity and breeding opportunities.
5. Human-wildlife conflict can result in retaliatory killings, further threatening the tahr population.

4. What is the importance of data collection in wildlife surveys? Discuss with reference to the methods used in the Nilgiri tahr survey.

1. Data collection provides baseline information crucial for assessing population trends over time.
2. Accurate population estimates inform conservation strategies and resource allocation.
3. Methods like bounded count and double observer enhance the reliability of population assessments.
4. Collecting faecal samples helps understand health and ecological dynamics affecting the species.
5. Data-driven approaches enable adaptive management, ensuring effective responses to emerging threats.