The National Quantum Mission (NQM) was approved by the Union Cabinet in April 2023 with a total outlay of Rs 6,003.65 crore for the period 2023-2031. The mission is steered by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under the Ministry of Science and Technology. Its primary objective is to seed, nurture, and scale up scientific and industrial R&D in Quantum Technology (QT) to create a vibrant and innovative ecosystem in India.
Strategic Objectives and Focus Areas
The mission aims to position India among the top nations developing quantum technologies. It focuses on the generation of new knowledge through basic research and the translation of such research into practical applications. The NQM identifies four key thematic areas known as Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) which will operate at leading academic and national R&D institutes:
- Quantum Computing: Focuses on developing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits in various platforms like superconducting and photonic technology.
- Quantum Communication: Aims at secure key distribution, quantum teleportation, and the development of quantum memories.
- Quantum Sensing and Metrology: Targets the development of high-sensitivity magnetometers, atomic clocks, and precision sensors for navigation and medical imaging.
- Quantum Materials and Devices: Involves synthesis and fabrication of new materials for quantum computing and sensing applications.
Key Implementation Mechanisms
The mission operates through a structured administrative and research framework:
- Mission Coordination Cell (MCC): Acts as the executive body responsible for the overall monitoring and coordination of the mission.
- Mission Governing Board (MGB): Provides policy guidance and oversees the mission’s progress.
- Mission Technology Research Council (MTRC): Advises on the technical aspects and monitors the research trajectory of the T-Hubs.
Expected Outcomes and Deliverables
The NQM is expected to produce significant tangible outcomes across scientific, technological, and societal domains by 2031:
| Focus Area | Expected Deliverable |
| Computing | Development of quantum computers with up to 1000 physical qubits. |
| Communication | Secure quantum key distribution over a distance of 2000 km. |
| Sensing | Precision sensors with high sensitivity and atomic clocks for timing. |
| Human Capital | Building a workforce of skilled researchers and quantum engineers. |
Significance for India
Quantum technology is considered a “second quantum revolution.” Its development has critical implications for national security, economic growth, and scientific leadership.
- National Security: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides theoretically unbreakable encryption, which is vital for secure government and defense communications.
- Strategic Autonomy: By developing indigenous quantum hardware and software, India reduces reliance on foreign technologies, ensuring sovereign control over critical infrastructure.
- Industrial Impact: Advancements in quantum sensing and computing will catalyze breakthroughs in pharmaceutical drug discovery, material science, and optimization of complex supply chains.
Core Facts for UPSC Prelims
- Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Science and Technology (Department of Science and Technology).
- Timeline: 2023–2031 (8-year span).
- Total Financial Outlay: Rs 6,003.65 crore.
- Scope: Research, development, and innovation in Quantum Computing, Communication, Sensing, and Materials.
- Technology Readiness: The mission focuses on pushing indigenous technology from theoretical research to prototype development (TRL 3 to TRL 6/7).
- Global Context: India is the seventh country to launch a dedicated national-level mission on quantum technologies, joining the ranks of the USA, China, Canada, France, Austria, and Finland.