About 92 inmates of the Jalpaiguri Central Correctional Home in West Bengal were infected with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) over a period from August 20, 2025 to March 9 this year. Seven inmates died during the outbreak, raising concern over prison health management, overcrowding, and infection control in correctional facilities.
Outbreak in Correctional Home
The infection affected inmates in a crowded prison setting, where more than 1,200 prisoners are lodged against a sanctioned capacity of about 700. Of the deaths linked to the outbreak, four occurred at North Bengal Medical College and Hospital and three at Jalpaiguri District Hospital. The last reported death was of 48-year-old inmate Deben Mondal, who died on March 6 at Jalpaiguri Medical College and Hospital after admission on March 2.
Health Risks and Virus Profile
HSV-1 and HSV-2 are common viral infections, but they can become serious if not treated properly. Medical experts noted that untreated cases may lead to encephalitis, a dangerous inflammation of the brain. In a closed and overcrowded institution, the risk of spread increases due to close contact, shared utilities, and poor personal hygiene.
Official Response and Control Measures
- The district health authorities identified overcrowding as a major risk factor.
- Isolation and cohorting of infected inmates were advised.
- Improved hand hygiene, ventilation, and decongestion of barracks were recommended.
- Empirical antiviral treatment was suggested for symptomatic cases.
- Daily monitoring by a medical officer and regular situation reports were also advised.
Prison Overcrowding in West Bengal
The outbreak has brought into light wider concerns about prison overcrowding in West Bengal. The 2023 Prison Statistics of India showed district prisons in the State with an occupancy rate of 158%. The prison system also faces pressure from a high number of foreign national inmates, especially from Bangladesh, adding to the administrative and health burden.
Last Modified: April 29, 2026