Newcastle disease has been spreading across parts of Europe, prompting the UK to raise its national risk level from low to medium. Confirmed outbreaks in Spain, Poland and Germany have increased concern that migrating wild birds could carry the virus into the UK during the spring movement period. Poultry keepers are being urged to strengthen biosecurity, review vaccination plans and remain alert to any signs of disease.
What Newcastle Disease Is
Newcastle disease is caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype 1. It affects chickens and many other bird species. Clinical signs range from mild respiratory illness to severe nervous system symptoms and sudden death. The disease is notifiable, so any suspicion must be reported immediately. Well-cooked poultry remains safe for consumers.
Why The Risk Has Increased
The rise in cases across continental Europe has changed the disease outlook for the UK. Migratory birds are expected to move across Europe from March to May, increasing the chance of virus introduction. The disease can spread through:
- Direct contact with infected birds.
- Contaminated vehicles, equipment and clothing.
- Feed, water and other indirect routes.
Unlike avian influenza, Newcastle disease has a wider host range, including pigeons, crows and gulls.
Biosecurity And Vaccination Measures
Industry guidance stresses strict on-farm prevention. Producers are advised to maintain vaccination schedules, restrict visitor access and improve cleaning and disinfection. Footdips, vehicle hygiene and prompt removal of feed spills are considered important. Commercial layers, breeders and turkey flocks usually follow multi-dose vaccination programmes, including a final inactivated vaccine before point of lay.
UK Preparedness And Past Outbreaks
Earlier UK outbreaks show the potential impact of the disease. Major incidents in the 1970s and 1990s caused disruption to poultry production. The current European spread has renewed focus on contingency planning, early detection and rapid reporting. Authorities and industry groups are urging producers to stay vigilant rather than complacent.
Last Modified: April 28, 2026