Page-3 of Mains Backgrounders

Europe has entered a period of recurrent extreme heat that is now exceeding the design limits of its infrastructure. Recent heatwaves have reached above 40°C across western Europe,...

As of 5 July 2026 Indian cities including Bengaluru, Mussoorie and Delhi face acute water stress. Monsoon rainfall showed a sharp June deficit. Major reservoirs hold low storage...

The U.S. Supreme Court recently upheld birthright citizenship under the 14th Amendment, striking down President Trump’s Executive Order 14160. The 6–3 decision reaffirmed that most persons born on...

On 2 July 2026 Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav presided over the National Conference on "Electric Mobility: Building India an Electric Mobility Hub for Viksit Bharat" in New...

Space oncology uses microgravity and cosmic radiation to study cancer biology and drug manufacture. Recent developments include tumour organoids and more uniform nanoparticles produced in microgravity, FDA approval...

A Special Investigation Team (SIT) has been ordered to re-audit the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust’s accounts for the past five years amid allegations of large-scale irregularities....

India recently received a policy report — “Safeguarding Biodiversity and Public Health: A Policy Analysis of Exotic Pet Trade in India” (published 1 July 2026) — showing gaps...

The World Bank announced on 29 June 2026 that it has retired its 45% annual-lending climate target and the 35% CCAP target. The Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP)...

Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (UBA) currently connects higher education institutions with rural communities to co-design solutions for sanitation, livelihoods, health awareness and infrastructure. The programme promotes experiential learning, community...

Kerala and Tamil Nadu show acute fiscal stress despite high social spending. Kerala’s debt exceeds ₹5.07 lakh crore and 52% of its budget is on salaries, pensions and...