India’s aviation sector is preparing for a cleaner fuel transition through Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), but industry experts have stressed that limited biofuel feedstock must be allocated more efficiently across transport sectors. The key argument is that ethanol and similar inputs should be prioritised for aviation, while road transport has more alternatives such as electrification.
India’s SAF blending roadmap
India has set phased SAF blending targets for international flights under its roadmap. The targets are 1% by 2027, 2% by 2028 and 5% by 2030. These targets align with the International Civil Aviation Organization’s goal of achieving net-zero carbon emissions from international aviation by 2050.
Feedstock availability and sectoral prioritisation
Aviation experts have brought into light that India has biofeedstock potential, but allocation remains the main challenge. A government-commissioned feasibility study identified the alcohol-to-jet route as the most promising SAF pathway for India.
- India is considered a major biofeedstock hotspot.
- Only a small share of available feedstock is currently being used.
- Road transport can shift to electric mobility more easily than aviation.
- Without prioritisation, ethanol shortages may affect SAF expansion.
Cost challenge in SAF adoption
The aviation industry faces a major cost barrier because SAF is currently three to five times more expensive than conventional jet fuel. This could increase airfares and slow adoption unless production and uptake are supported through policy measures.
Global supply outlook and policy implications
Global assessments suggest that India, the United States, Brazil and Europe are likely to dominate SAF biomass feedstock supply over the coming decades. India’s role in this market could be if feedstock use is rationalised across sectors. Industry observers have suggested that subsidies for both production and airline adoption may be needed to scale SAF use and support long-term decarbonisation.
Last Modified: April 27, 2026