The Tamil Nadu forest department has begun a one-year scientific study on the Madras Hedgehog, a rare mammal locally known as Mulleli, in the Theri forests of Thoothukudi district. The project aims to prepare a conservation action plan for the species, which faces pressure from habitat loss, hunting and changing land use. The state has allocated Rs 20.5 lakh for the Conservation of Endangered Species – Madras Hedgehog in the 2025–26 financial year.
Study Area and Project Team
The Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation is leading the study across Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Salem and Kallakurichi districts. The project team includes a consultant, a project associate and a field assistant. The field work will focus on Theri habitats, where the species has been recorded historically and through recent sightings.
Species Profile and Ecology
Madras Hedgehog is a small nocturnal mammal with sharp spines on its back and soft white fur on its belly. It weighs about 130 to 315 grams. It feeds on insects such as beetles, ants, earthworms and termites, and also consumes plant matter. When threatened, it curls into a ball for protection.
Threats to Survival
The species has declined due to:
- Hunting linked to myth-based beliefs about medicinal value.
- Urbanisation and land conversion.
- Pesticide exposure.
- Infrastructure expansion, including roads and industrial sites.
- Renewable energy projects such as wind and solar farms.
Research Methods and Conservation Goal
The study will use radio telemetry to track hedgehog movement and home range for 30 to 60 days. A questionnaire survey will be conducted in 40 villages around Kuthiraimozhi Theri and Sathankulam Theri, and in parts of Vilathikulam and Kovilpatti. The findings will form a baseline assessment of the species’ distribution in Thoothukudi and support a conservation action plan for submission to the state government. The study may also support a future IUCN Red List reassessment from Least Concern to Threatened.
Last Modified: April 27, 2026