Leprosy remains a major public health concern in India despite decades of control efforts. The National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) functions as a centrally sponsored scheme under the National Health Mission. It supports early detection, treatment, disability prevention and awareness activities across States and Union Territories. India continues to report more than 1,00,000 new leprosy cases annually and accounts for share of the global burden.
Programme Framework
NLEP funds are allocated through State and UT Programme Implementation Plans based on local needs and absorption capacity. Leprosy services are integrated with the general health system through Ayushman Arogya Mandirs, Primary Health Centres, Community Health Centres, District Hospitals and tertiary institutions. This integration is intended to improve access, diagnosis and continuity of care.
Why Cases Continue To Be Detected
Leprosy has a long incubation period, often ranging from 5 to 20 years. This delays symptom onset and diagnosis. Continued transmission in high-endemic pockets also contributes to new cases. In addition, improved surveillance, active case detection and greater public awareness have increased reporting. The disease therefore remains visible even as control measures expand.
Key Detection And Awareness Measures
- Leprosy Case Detection Campaigns conduct house-to-house surveys in high-burden districts.
- Focused Leprosy Campaigns search surrounding households or entire villages after detection of a Grade 2 Disability case.
- ASHA-based surveillance for leprosy suspects is used in districts not covered under special campaigns.
- Sparsh Leprosy Awareness Campaigns are organised nationwide to reduce stigma and discrimination.
Treatment, Prevention And Rehabilitation
Contact tracing is carried out for index cases, and Post Exposure Prophylaxis is given to eligible contacts. Disability Prevention and Medical Rehabilitation services include reaction management, self-care training, assistive devices, Micro-Cellular Rubber footwear and reconstructive surgery. Regular training is also provided to Medical Officers, ASHAs, ANMs and other frontline workers for early identification and referral.
Last Modified: April 28, 2026