Taxila’s UNESCO-listed Bhir Mound has produced rare decorative stones and coins, offering fresh evidence on the early urban history of Gandhara. Archaeologists uncovered lapis lazuli fragments dating to the 6th century BC and bronze coins from the Kushan period, making this one of the most important discoveries at the site in recent years. The finds strengthen the historical record of Taxila as a major centre of trade, religion and learning.
Key Archaeological Discoveries
- Excavations in the B-2 trench revealed deep-blue lapis lazuli fragments.
- The stones are linked to early long-distance exchange networks.
- Bronze coins from the 2nd century AD were also recovered.
- The coins were identified as Kushan issues bearing Emperor Vasudeva.
Historical Significance of Taxila
Taxila flourished under Kushan rule between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. It became a major administrative, commercial and intellectual centre under rulers such as Kanishka the Great. The site is closely associated with Buddhism, which received strong Kushan patronage through the building of stupas, monasteries and religious complexes.
Kushan Coinage and Iconography
Kushan coins are important sources for the study of ancient South and Central Asia. They were issued mainly in gold, copper and bronze. Their imagery often combined rulers in Central Asian dress with deities from multiple traditions, reflecting the empire’s religious diversity. The recovered coin showing Vasudeva on one side and a female deity on the other is a notable example of this pluralistic tradition.
Trade Links and Gandharan Context
The lapis lazuli fragments point to wider trade connections, especially with Badakhshan in present-day Afghanistan, a historic source of the stone. Their presence at Taxila suggests that the settlement was linked to major supply routes across Central and South Asia. The discoveries also add to the material evidence for Gandharan art, which blended Greek, Roman, Persian and Indian influences.
Last Modified: April 25, 2026