Science & Technology for UPSC Prelims
Prelims-focused science and technology facts, concepts and current updates.
UNIT 2: Digital India and Digital Public Infrastructure
Digital India Programme
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Digital Public Infrastructure
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India Stack
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Aadhaar and Digital Identity
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e-KYC and Digital Verification
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DigiLocker
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e-Sign and Digital Signatures
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Unified Payments Interface
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Bharat Bill Payment System
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Account Aggregator Framework
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Open Credit Enablement Network
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ONDC and Open Digital Commerce
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CoWIN as Digital Public Infrastructure
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Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
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ABHA and Digital Health Records
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UMANG App
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MyGov Platform
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GeM and Digital Procurement
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API Setu and Government APIs
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Global Importance of Indian DPI
UNIT 3: Computers, Software, Data and Cloud Technologies
Basics of Computer Systems
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Hardware, Software and Firmware
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Operating Systems
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Open Source Software
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Proprietary Software
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Application Software and System Software
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Databases and Database Management Systems
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Structured and Unstructured Data
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Big Data
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Metadata and Data Standards
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Data Centres
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Cloud Computing
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Public, Private and Hybrid Cloud
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Edge Computing
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Fog Computing
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Serverless Computing
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Virtualisation
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Containers and Microservices
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Application Programming Interfaces
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Green Data Centres
UNIT 4: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
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Machine Learning
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Deep Learning
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Neural Networks
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Natural Language Processing
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Computer Vision
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Speech Recognition Technology
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Generative Artificial Intelligence
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Large Language Models
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Foundation Models
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AI Agents
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Prompt Engineering
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Explainable AI
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Responsible AI
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Algorithmic Bias
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Synthetic Data
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Deepfakes and Synthetic Media
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AI in Governance
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AI in Healthcare, Agriculture and Education
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IndiaAI Mission
UNIT 5: Internet, Communication and Network Technologies
Internet Architecture
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World Wide Web
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Domain Name System
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IP Addressing and IPv6
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Broadband Technology
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BharatNet
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Wi-Fi Technology
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Bluetooth Technology
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Near Field Communication
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RFID Technology
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4G Technology
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5G Technology
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6G Technology
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Network Slicing
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Internet of Things Networks
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Satellite Internet
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Undersea Internet Cables
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Software Defined Networks
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Voice over Internet Protocol
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Communication Technology in Disaster Management
UNIT 6: Cybersecurity, Data Protection and Digital Safety
Cybersecurity Basics
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Malware, Virus and Worms
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Ransomware
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Phishing and Social Engineering
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Spyware and Keyloggers
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Zero-Day Vulnerabilities
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Distributed Denial of Service Attacks
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Botnets
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Firewalls
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Antivirus and Endpoint Security
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Encryption
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Hashing
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Public Key Infrastructure
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Multi-Factor Authentication