Climate Change – An Overview

Climate change, a significant and pressing global issue, refers to long-term changes in the average weather patterns that have been observed over extended periods. Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have accelerated these changes, leading to unprecedented environmental consequences.

Causes of Climate Change

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The primary driver of climate change is the increased concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth’s atmosphere. The combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, releases carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Additionally, deforestation contributes to higher levels of CO2 as trees play a crucial role in absorbing and storing carbon.
• Methane and Nitrous Oxide: While CO2 is a major contributor, other greenhouse gases like methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) also play a crucial role. Methane, emitted during livestock digestion and the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas, is over 25 times more potent than CO2 in terms of heat-trapping capacity. Nitrous oxide, released from agricultural and industrial activities, is nearly 300 times more potent.

Impacts of Climate Change

• Rising Global Temperatures: One of the most evident consequences of climate change is the rise in global temperatures. The Earth’s average surface temperature has increased by approximately 1.2 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century. This warming has far-reaching effects on weather patterns, ecosystems, and sea levels.
• Melting Ice Caps and Rising Sea Levels: The warming climate has accelerated the melting of glaciers and ice caps in polar regions, contributing to rising sea levels. This poses a severe threat to coastal communities and low-lying islands, increasing the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding.
• Extreme Weather Events: Climate change intensifies extreme weather events, including hurricanes, droughts, floods, and wildfires. These events have devastating impacts on communities, agriculture, and biodiversity, leading to economic losses and human displacement.
• Impact on Biodiversity: Shifts in climate patterns disrupt ecosystems and threaten the survival of numerous plant and animal species. Some species may face extinction due to the inability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions, upsetting the delicate balance of ecosystems.

Global Initiatives and Solutions

• International Agreements: Recognizing the urgency of addressing climate change, the international community has come together to forge agreements aimed at mitigating its impacts. The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, represents a landmark effort to limit global temperature increases to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
• Renewable Energy Transition: Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is crucial in mitigating climate change. Solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy offer sustainable alternatives that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.
• Reforestation and Conservation: Efforts to combat climate change include initiatives to preserve and restore forests. Reforestation not only captures carbon dioxide but also helps maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services. Conservation practices, such as sustainable land management, are essential for preserving natural habitats.

Key Data – Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector (2019)

Climate change is a global challenge that demands urgent and collective action. Understanding its causes, impacts, and potential solutions is crucial for implementing effective measures.