Envionment, Ecology and Biodiversity for UPSC Prelims
This is environment category here.
Unit 1. Ecology Fundamentals
Introduction to Environment
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Levels of Ecological Organization
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Habitat and Niche
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Adaptation
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Species, Speciation & Variation
·
Evolution in Ecology
·
Ecological Tolerance (Shelford’s Law)
·
Ecological Amplitude (Generalist vs Specialist)
·
Population Growth
·
Carrying Capacity
·
Population Regulation
·
Life History Strategies (r/K Selection)
·
Life History Variation
·
Population Interactions
Unit 10. Flora (World)
Floral Diversity Overview
·
Plant Diversity Structure
·
Invasive Alien Species
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Botanical Gardens
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Seed Banks & Gene Banks
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Cryopreservation
·
Svalbard Global Seed Vault
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Extinct Plant Species
·
New Plant Varieties
·
Special Plant Types
·
Plant Functional Types
·
Ecosystem Restoration Techniques
Unit 11. Flora (India)
Unit 12. Environment Treaties and Organizations
UNEP
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UNDP
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GEF
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Green Climate Fund
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IPCC
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IUCN
·
IUCN Nature 2030
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Himalayan Adaptation Network
·
WWF
·
Wetlands International
·
BirdLife International
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Conservation International
·
World Resources Institute
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SACEP
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SAWEN
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Climate Vulnerable Forum
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Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure
·
Champions of the Earth
·
Young Champions of the Earth
·
SEED Awards
·
Sasakawa Prize
Unit 13. Environment Laws (India)
Wildlife Protection Act
·
Environment Protection Act
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Environment Protection Rules
·
National Forest Policy
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Forest Rights Act
·
Coastal Regulation Zone
·
Wetlands Rules
·
National Green Tribunal
·
Ozone Depleting Substances Rules
·
Biological Diversity Act
·
National Wildlife Action Plan
·
CEPI
·
Eco-Mark
·
Environmental Rating Agencies
·
National Clean Energy Fund
·
National Electric Mobility Mission Plan
·
Green Building Codes
·
Energy Conservation Building Code
·
Green Bonds
·
Polluter Pays Principle
·
Precautionary Principle
·
Public Trust Doctrine
Unit 14. Protected Areas (World)
Unit 15. Protected Areas (India)
Biosphere Reserves in India
·
National Parks in India
·
Ramsar Sites in India
·
Biodiversity Heritage Sites
·
Coastal & Marine Biodiversity Areas
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Marine Protected Areas (India)
·
World Heritage Sites in India
·
Mixed Heritage Sites
·
Eco-sensitive Zones
·
Conservation Reserves
·
Community Reserves
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Wildlife Corridors
·
Orang Tiger Reserve
·
Kaziranga National Park
·
Bhitarkanika National Park
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Dudhwa National Park
·
Silent Valley National Park
Unit 16. Pollution and Pollution Control
Pollution Overview
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Air Pollution
·
Indoor Air Pollution
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Smog
·
Fly Ash
·
AQI
·
Acid Rain
·
Water Pollution
·
Wastewater
·
Bioremediation
·
Soil Pollution
·
Noise Pollution
·
Thermal Pollution
·
Nuclear Pollution
·
Marine Pollution
·
Solid Waste Management
·
Plastic Pollution
·
E-waste
·
River Pollution
·
Heavy Metal Pollution
·
Microplastics
·
Bioaccumulation & Biomagnification
·
Pollution Control Technologies
Unit 17. Climate Change
Evidence of Climate Change
·
Causes of Climate Change
·
Climate Forcings
·
Greenhouse Effect
·
Global Warming
·
Carbon Cycle & Climate Link
·
Carbon Sequestration
·
Climate Feedbacks
·
Tipping Points
·
Impacts on Agriculture
·
Impacts on Water
·
Sea Level Rise
·
Impacts on Biodiversity
·
Impacts on Health
·
Climate Change in India
·
Glacier Retreat
·
Extreme Events
·
GHG Inventory
·
Climate Policies
·
Mitigation
·
Adaptation
·
Climate Justice
·
Net Zero
·
Loss & Damage
Unit 18. Sustainability
Unit 19. Disaster Management
Unit 2. Ecosystem Fundamentals
Introduction to Ecosystem
·
Ecosystem Components
·
Biotic–Abiotic Interactions
·
Types of Ecosystems
·
Trophic Levels
·
Food Chains
·
Food Web
·
Ecosystem Productivity
·
Standing Crop & Standing State
·
Energy Flow
·
Ecological Efficiency (10% Law)
·
Ecological Pyramids
·
Nutrient Cycling
·
Decomposition
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Ecological Succession
·
Ecosystem Homeostasis
·
Resistance & Resilience
·
Ecotone & Edge Effect
Unit 20. Environmental Impact Assessment
Unit 3. Biomes and Biogeographic Regions
Biome Concept
·
Terrestrial Ecosystem Patterns
·
Aquatic Ecosystem Patterns
·
Biosphere Perspective
·
Levels of Biodiversity
·
Alpha, Beta & Gamma Diversity
·
Species–Area Relationship
·
Latitudinal Diversity Gradient
·
Keystone Species
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Indicator Species
·
Umbrella Species
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Flagship Species
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Biodiversity Hotspots
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Ecosystem Diversity
·
Ecosystem Services
Unit 4. Forests (World)
Unit 5. Forests (India)
National Forest Policy, 1988
·
Forest Rights Act, 2006
·
National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board
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CAMPA
·
Joint Forest Management
·
Social Forestry
·
National Bamboo Mission
·
Mangroves for the Future
·
Forest Plus Programme
·
Impact of COVID-19 on Forests
·
Expansion of Thar Desert
·
Forest Fires in India
·
Eco-sensitive Zones (ESZs) around Forests
·
Silent Valley Biodiversity
Unit 6. Wetlands, Mangroves and Coral Reefs (World)
Unit 7. Wetlands, Mangroves and Coral Reefs (India)
Wetlands in India
·
Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017
·
National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems
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Sundarbans as Ramsar Site
·
Seagrass Management in Palk Bay
·
MISHTI Scheme
·
Mangrove Conservation in India
·
Coral Conservation in India
·
Coastal Ecosystem Reports (CAG)
·
Coastal Vulnerability Index (INCOIS)
·
Marine & Coastal Biodiversity Areas
·
Marine Protected Areas
·
Bhitarkanika Coastal Ecosystem
Unit 8. Fauna (World)
Faunal Diversity Overview
·
Invertebrates
·
Vertebrates
·
IUCN Red List
·
Threatened Species
·
Endemic Species
·
Invasive Fauna
·
International Whaling Commission
·
BirdLife International
·
Conservation International
·
Convention on Migratory Species
·
Gorilla Agreement
·
Bat Agreement
·
TRAFFIC
·
Coalition Against Wildlife Trafficking
·
Extinct Bird Species
·
Future Risks to Birds
·
Pollinator Decline
·
Blue Whale
·
Tasmanian Tiger
Unit 9. Fauna (India)
Project Tiger
·
Tiger Reserve Strategy
·
Tiger Task Force
·
National Tiger Conservation Authority
·
Tiger Census
·
Project Elephant
·
Elephant Corridors & Threats
·
Elephant Mitigation Measures
·
Project RE-HAB
·
Project Lion
·
Asiatic Lion
·
Project Snow Leopard
·
Project Cheetah
·
Project Hangul
·
Project Crocodile
·
Crocodile Census & Species
·
Project Great Indian Bustard
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Project Dolphin
·
Olive Ridley Turtle
·
Greater Adjutant
·
Hoolock Gibbons
·
Spot-billed Pelicans
·
Blackbuck
·
Sangai Deer
·
Slender Loris
·
One-horned Rhinoceros
·
Indian Rhino Vision
·
Rhino Reintroduction
·
Vulture Crisis in India
·
MIKE Programme
·
Hornbill Watch Initiative
·
Recovery Programme for Endangered Species
